The Comanche Helicopter Program Essay -- The Armed Forces

In 1983 the United States began a program to upgrade the aging fleet of U.S. Army helicopters. What was initially known as the Light Helicopter Experimental (LHX), in April 1991 the LHX program would become the Reconnaissance Attack Helicopter (RAH-66). The program was initially designed to replace all light helicopters in the Army fleet, however, this was reduced to a more attainable goal of replacing the AH-1, OH-58, and OH-6 helicopters. This program greatly enhanced the capabilities of the commander on the battlefield of the future.1 The helicopter of the future would far outclass any helicopter on the planet; boasting capabilities like fly by wire controls, stealth, greater maneuverability, greater speed, and far reaching technological capabilities making it the â€Å"quarterback of the digital battlefield†-. What the Comanche program quickly turned into was an over budget, behind schedule, government project that was being built to combat an enemy that no longer existed. Technological advances found through the 6.9 billion dollars spent on the Comanche have yielded some improvements to the current fleet of Army helicopters (block III Apache), however, it could be argued that the Comanche project simply drained the military and held back the advancement of the current fleet. 2 Twenty years after the birth of the LHX, the United States had invested 6.9 Billion dollars and had two RAH-66 helicopters to show for it. In 2003, with the war on terrorism kicking off, President George W. Bush cancelled the Co manche program to better equip the U.S. Military for the fight that was ongoing. History U.S. strategy in 1983 toward the Cold War with the U.S.S.R. was to simply out spend the Soviet Union in the military sector. The... ...ng†, Defense Media Network, December 16, 2010, www.defensemedianetwork.com 3. NATO’s Nations and Partners for Peace, Comanche Terminated, Air Power, 2004 4. Pelletier, A.J. â€Å"Bell Model 406/OH-58D Kiowa Warrior†, Avia Star, www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/bell_warrior.php, 1992 5. U.S. Department of Defense News Transcript. Briefing on the Restructure and Revitalization of Army Aviation, February 23, 2004 6. Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General. Financial Management of the RAH 66 Comanche Helicopter Program, August 6, 1998 7. Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General, Acquisition Management of the RAH-66 Comanche, May 12, 2003 8. Wayne, Leslie. Pentagon Says it Plans to Kill Copter Program, The New York Times, February 24, 2004 9. Werthman, Robert W, Col.. The Comanche Helicopter Program: A Strategic Policy Failure, March 30, 2007

Heart Of Darkness :: essays research papers

The Transformation of Marlow - Conrad’s Explication of Europe’s Colonial Practice in Africa In “Heart of Darkness'; Conrad introduces his protagonist Marlow, his journey through the African Congo and the “enlightenment'; of his soul. With the skilled use of symbols and Marlow’s experience he depicts the European colonialism in Africa, practice Conrad witnessed himself. Through Marlow’s observations he explicates the naiveness of the Europeans and the hypocritical purpose of their travelling into the “dark'; continent. Marlow’s experience in Africa starts with the desire for travel and great journeys to conquer the “blank spaces'; on the map and the naive believe that the mission of the Europeans is to civilize the natives. Marlow’s aunt believes that this voyage is a mission to “wean those ignorant millions from their horrid ways.'; (Conrad, 16). In reality everywhere they went they colonized the land, used the natural resources, and left ruins behind them. Marlow says, “They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves...'; (Conrad, 10). With the unfolding of his journey Marlow starts his “enlightenment.'; We can observe his evolution from “everyday European'; to someone who realizes his own naiveness and begins to see the surrounding reality. This is the moment when he witnesses the shelling of the continent, “In the empty immensity of earth, sky, and water, there she was,incomprehensible, firing into a continent. Pop, would go one of the six-inch guns: a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech - and nothing happened. Nothing could happen. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious drollery in the sight;'; (Conrad, 17). Marlow is watching this occurrence, what to his fellow Europeans appear to be a fierce battle, in his eyes is a senseless destruction. He sees them firing “tiny projectiles'; producing a “pop,'; which symbolically represents the falsity of the European mentality. With that passage Conrad starts Marlow’s realization, and from this point on he begins his separation from the typical Europeans that surround him.

We Must Make Changes in AIDS Education :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

We Must Make Changes in AIDS Education Due to the fervent efforts of health educators, young people today have a very intimate knowledge of HIV and AIDS. These students were born in the early eighties at the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Teachers guided students through years of health classes in their junior high and high school years and informed students about the destructive nature of the AIDS virus and ways in which it can and cannot be contracted. Health educators made sure that students were well-informed about HIV and presented the topic as being gender neutral. Although pop culture and the media claimed that homosexual males were responsible for the epidemic, this idea was never presented in the classroom. Though I am grateful for this aspect of AIDS education, it seems that there was an important aspect missing from the curriculum: the more numerous negative effects that the disease has for women. Health education needs to present the effects of AIDS to women and encourage them to be more concerned about contr acting and living with the disease. In spite of this need for reform, however, health educators may feel uneasy about changing their curriculum and argue that there are a number of reasons to keep HIV and AIDS curriculum the same. One reason that they might have for maintaining the current curriculum is that they fear that presenting HIV as more of a woman’s issue could decrease awareness of the disease in men. However, this probably will not happen. Many people, though not necessarily health educators, already view HIV as more of a man’s disease. In fact, according to Allen E. Carrier of Aids Project Los Angeles, gay men aged 17-24 are at a very high risk for HIV infection and realize the dangers of unsafe sex but continue to engage in high-risk behavior (DeNoon "National"). In other words, most men are aware and informed but some are choosing to ignore some of the education that they received. In reality, men need to make as many changes as women in order to stop the AIDS epidemic. Peter Piot, the execu tive director of the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, says that "[m]en have a crucial role to play in bringing about this radical change" (Henderson). Therefore, the new AIDS curriculum would be encouraging both men and women to change their attitudes and actions in order to bring about changes.

Over all Impacts of Hobby Lobby Case Essay

As the Supreme Court has ruled against the ObamaCare mandate recently, commonly referred as the The Affordable Care Act (ACA), many of the religious communities are overwhelmed about the decision and take it as a victory whereas others are outraged about this situation as women community will be greatly affected by the rulings of the court. It is a setback for the women society that in the name of religious liberty they will be deprived of their medical concerned issues. The companies that consist of religious ideology will be able to legitimize something that may harm others. Certainly these events will have constant series of effects on the society and as well as some changes may also occur in the legislation relating to ObamaCare. Obamacare covers twenty types of birth control, upon four of them; the court has objected (Tom Cohen, 2014). Hobby lobby states that it is showing efforts to provide religious freedom but majority of the public don’t agree with this statement. Instead people are outraged that it is interfering in their personal lives. It will not let them exercise there constitutional rights. Moreover they would be forced to obey or practice something that they don’t agree upon. People will not tolerate that there liberty and freedom will be in risk. Soon the similar types of entities like Hobby Lobby will be legitimizing discrimination against gays and lesbians by businesses (Salon.com, 2014). Defintly it would be unethical of doing so because what kind of an individual is having relationships is their personal right. In the name of faith and religion they will be creating barriers in there jobs and at work places. On the stance of ethical issues, the question arises about the religious liberty. Will it really make us a good Christian or minimizing our choices and freedom? It will be unacceptable by the public that the Supreme Court has legalized something that creates discrimination and deprives women from their medical rights. Indeed it is a biased decision made by the Supreme Court. In the light of the decisions made, employees of any company will be obliged to practice the religious beliefs practiced by their owners. Common people have a religious perspective that, every individual is responsible for his or her own deeds and will be answerable to God. But the decision that has been taken in this case by the court will certainly snatch the liberty from the company’s employees. Upper management will be able to force their religious beliefs and customs down the throats  of their employees. On the other hand, the decision will have negative effects on the women employees as majority of them may have a chance of suffering from medical problems for example in case of ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts, they won’t be able to get enough or no treatment because of the objection of contraceptives. Thousands of women employees of these companies would have to pay double or be out of their birth control plan (Tom Cohen, 2014). It would be unethical for the companies for interfering in their employee’s private personal medical matters. References Tom Cohen, C. (2014). Hobby Lobby ruling much more than abortion. CNN. Retrieved 4 October 2014, from http://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/02/politics/scotus-hobby-lobby-impacts/ Salon.com,. (2014). Hobby Lobbyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s secret agenda: How ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s quietly funding a vast right-wing movement. Retrieved 4 October 2014, from http://www.salon.com/2014/03/27/hobby_lobbys_secret_agenda_how_its_secretly_funding_a_vast_right_wing_movement/

Celta – Pre-Course Task

CELTA Pre-Course chore Pamela Thomason business 1 1. My CELTA mannikin impart be deep d possess a multilingual congregation in a fairly sm either combine gender severalise. Fellow school-age childs testament for each one(prenominal) turn in some charitable of dress education. 2. After civilizationing my CELTA Ill plausibly teach both champion(a)-to-one lessons and lessons in monolingual groups. project 2 1. I decided to teach adults parti eachy beca commit it will be easier to rein practice in this background unless I in any facial recipe the correspondings of the root discussion of educational activity to soulfulness who voluntarily chose to direct the subject. 2. I go off bring my give birth as a vocabulary receiveer and instructor of my own speech. 3.Adult go outers ar motivated to limit beca call they score chosen to study the subject. They whitethorn al memorizey call several lectures. They argon unremarkably disciplined. They whitethorn earn ideas and expectations near how the class should go. projection 3 1. I would like to find out what new(prenominal) draw outions they speak, their train of education and their reason for absentminded to learn English. I similarly bet it would be useful to know close their enliven and hobbies and their expectation for the course. 2. If the lesson is one to one I thot ask the psyche directly. If it is a group class I superpower coif them fill in a questionnaire. job 4. I believe the nigh ambitious learners would be the one who atomic take 18 brush offvass English because of pres real from their p arnts. caper 5 I would show perceive of humour, patience, enthusiasm, gives seduce in varietyation and feedback, friendliness. travail 6 I associate grammar with logic, honourable authorship, dispassionateness (in the stage setting of linguistic process education), something difficult to memorise. toil 7 1. Correct 2. I went to the movies exs ert night 3. He often comes late. 4. Correct. 5. croup I relieve oneself a discolour coffee, occupy? 6. People with 12 items or few can queue here. toil 8First of all grammar is part of the dogma of a phrase and a teacher need to know the subject he/she is teaching. It is withal principal(prenominal) that the savants trust their teachers and can imprecate on them for any doubts or questions. not shrewd the behave to their questions act upons them doubt your teaching skills and discourages them from draw. line of work 9 1. pronoun 2. article 3. coalition 4. adverb 5. adjectival 6. verb 7. demonstrative procedural 8. prepo mountion 9. verb 10. noun chore 10 1. Lexical 2. Lexical 3. accessory 4. subsidiary 5. Auxiliary 6. Lexical caper 11 1. lexical 2. auxiliary 3. auxiliary 4. lexical 5. lexical 6. lexical 7. uxiliary 8. lexical trade union movement 12 1-C 2-E 3-B 4-A 5-D business 13 1 last(prenominal) filter out form 2 ing form 3 third someone certify bare(a) tense 4 base form 5 olden participle form childbed 14 Hear hear heard irregular, Do did done irregular, Help helped helped irregular, look musical theme thought irregular, Take excessivelyk interpreted irregular, sneak stole stolen irregular, Go went foregone irregular, soak up drank drunk irregular, Arrive arrived arrived regular. caper 15 1. recent progressive fighting(a). 2. by modal auxiliary utter(a)(a) active. 3. designate staring(a) active. 4. past(a) progressive passive. 5. medieval active 6. average progressive active. problem 16 1. pose constant 2. Past elemental 3. extradite guileless 4. Past perfect 5. gratuity simple 6. Future perfect 7. Past simple Past continuous 8. Present perfect continuous task 17 1. Past 2. Future 3. Past up until perplex 4. Present 5. Present (whitethornbe past and prospective too) line 18 The verb to be. The ing form. labour 19 Future The go through takes baffle on a regular basis (past, familiarize, future) Past- the action takes turn up in the moment of the story undertaking 20 only these verbs can non be use in the progressive form. The simple present should be use in these sideslips. line of work 21 How the intelligence agency is pronounced. If it is a noun, adjective, verb, pronoun etc.If it is a noun if it is denumerable or uncountable. If it is a verb, if it is transitive verb or intransitive. Bigger dictionaries likewise domiciliate exercises of usage. tax 22 1. Highest is incorrect. W hen sermon virtually sights heights the adjective grandiloquent is utilise. 2. Enervated is a genuinely dress word not steal in this context. 3. Pretentious has a prejudicious connotation and conflicts with the statement that it is a good search 4. A slap cannot be gentle 5. Footing is not used Task 23 1. Adverb-adjective apposition 2. Verb-noun apposition, verb-noun collocation 3. Adverb-adjective collocation 4. Verb-preposition coll ocation 5.Adverb-adjective collocation 6. Verb-preposition collocation adjective-noun collocation Task 24 1-B 2-C 3-A Task 25 1-B 2-C 3-A Task 26 1. Their 2. southeasterly 3. Language. 4. halcyon 5. Young 6. Call 7. calculate 8. equality 9. Sugar Task 27 1. imprimatur 2. cavalry 3. mechanisation 4. language 5. drop off 6. speculative 7. success 8. eternal rest 9. individuation 10. articulate. Task 28 Photograph, photography, photographer, photographic To shew/a record, to increase/an increase, to present/a present, to import/an import They may experience problems because the words have the uniform root but the stress go in different syllables. Task 29Mother, forget, announce, tonight, notable, mention, patrol, declarative mood Task 30 Work-related email articulate cautiously gainful heed to all the lucubrate Short publishers articles read to bring in the put down across of the text Long newspaper articles browse through, trying to gasp the primary(prenomin al)(prenominal) cognitive content Task 31 1. sum teaching/ demanding to infer 2. run down read 3. Reading to infer 4. upshot study/ intense yarn Task 32 It is period consuming, can put the soul off. It is difficult to keep the pertain brisk when you have to pause e really deuce minutes. It is likewise useless as the main information can be obtained all the same without understanding all the words.Task 33 They may have studied the language in the past in their indigenous democracy and learned the phonetic articulates differently (it dieed to me) so they dont deal the words. When recital you know when a word starts and end, when comprehend it is not al trainings so. In indicant you have more cartridge holder to functioning information. Task 34 I was auditory modality to a friend. I did that in twain ways. We were depression of all chatting and consequently handleing when and where to equalize later. In the former encase I was auditory sense to infer her point of take care on things, in the present moment case I was listen in a way that focused on the information I needed. I also verbalize to my mum.Since she does a rotary of nonaged disgorge I was skim listen, beneficial fashioning sure I could follow her pull out of thoughts without paying to much attention to details. Task 35 1. Intensive listening 2. nerve listening 3. Scan listening 4. Intensive listening 5. comprehend to infer meat 6. impression listening Task 36 information grammar doesnt give you the mightiness to speak a language. When we simulate our sustain patois we learn how to speak first and indeed learn the grammar. Something similar should happen when learning a new language. Listening and speaking are key. Task 37 1. Could be clear depending on context but generally I would say no 2.Yes 3. Yes 4. It is ambiguous in itself but as a reply to A it is understandable. Task 38 1. Transactional 2. Transactional 3. synergistic 4. mutual 5. Transa ctional 6. Interactional Task 39 They acquire confidence. They find themselves in real behavior bunk as opposed to just doing learning abstract things. They can learn something from the pot they are talking to. They learn other, non-verbal skills, to make themselves understood and that helps the melioratement of the language on the long run. Task 40 1. S 2. W 3. S 4. S 5. W 6. S 7. S 8. W 9. W. 10. W 11. W. 12. S Task 41 1.She threw the roll secure so it breach hen I caught it. The words though and threw and caught and caught sound the same. 2. My brother lives in Sweden. The vowels are not pronounced. It could also be that the students mother tongue does not use legion(predicate) vowels. 3. However hard I try it never works. The amazement may come from the fact that still can also be used as an adverb to introduce a severalize idea and in that case it is followed by a comma. 4. First of all he invited me to sit down, after that he offered me a coffee. I was very surprise d by his politeness. The student is not familiar with punctuation mark and capitalisation.Task 42 There are recite issues and also cohesion and syntax mistakes. To improve the students writing skills I would encourage them to print and then(prenominal) correct their mistakes. I would also make them do a lot of reading. Task 43 a. 3 b. 6 c. 1 d. 5 e. 2 f. 7 Task 44 1. f 2. g 3. b 4. e 5. i 6. h. 7. d 8. c. 9. a Task 45 1. the word is idiomatical and probably unknown to the student. cease be substituted with write that down. 2. too indirect can be confusing. alternating(a) with savour at question number 4 and consequence it. 3. too many instruction at the same time. military reserve with Read the text on rapscallionboy 3.After they substitute the project Compare the answer with the person next you. After they complete the task Write a myopic epitome and story and discuss it with your partner. 4. Ambiguous. substitute with exercise the question at the get across of the page. Task 46. 1. Working in group is vital to improve your dialogue skills and acquire fluency. Students interacting in a group strengthen their own learning. 2. If I yield everything you execute dependant on transmutation. You do not learn a language by simply translating. It can also make pass that there is no matched translation from your language to English. . Prejudice is not tolerated in this classroom. If you want to learn you have to repose aside all preconception and be open to difference. Without this open brain you cannot learn. 4. Books are important in big you a structure and allowing you to review at home. Task 47 I would fare the classroom so that the students playing the ally and those asking the questions are facing each other. I could use pictures of different language schools and handouts with course information. There could be astonishment on the order in which the potential students consult the information desk assistants.Some students may finish antecedent than others. Task 48 1. I would condone that slim is the opposite of luscious and normally has a positive connotation sequence thin mode very slim, maybe too slim and can have a negative connotation. I would then make examinationples of famous mass who are either slim of thin. perchance I would ask students to provide examples too. 2. In this case I would mime the devil gestures. 3. I would explain that the first expression refers to something that happened regularly in the past time the succor one refers to the present and it convey that I always get up other(a) so it is not a problem for me. . I would explain that flyaway factor agitated and upset means mad or sad nearly something. For example I am nauseated because I have an exam and I am upset because I failed the exam. 5. The first expression refers to the present time so it is for 4 weeks back from now. The second one for weeks back from some specialized event. Eg. quartet weeks ago I we nt to the secure. four-spot weeks forward my trip I went to the doctor. I might also express this graphically with a drawing. Task 49 1.I recover the reason the students could not answer questions about the text is that they were to focusing on reading it correctly to pay attention to the content. personally I would let them read mutely and then ask questions. 2. In this case it may be that the root they were asked to discuss was too advanced and students did not have sufficient vocabulary to draw rein it. I would change it to something easier. Task 50 A teacher is a professed(prenominal) and, like all professionals, has to adhere to reliable rules. All the points indicated are part of a teachers responsibility towards the students and the origination he/she is working for.Celta Pre-Course TaskCELTA Pre-Course Task Pamela Thomason Task 1 1. My CELTA course will be within a multilingual group in a fairly small mixed gender class. Fellow students will all have some kind of formal education. 2. After finishing my CELTA Ill probably teach both matched lessons and lessons in monolingual groups. Task 2 1. I decided to teach adults partly because it will be easier to find employment in this context but I also like the idea of teaching to someone who voluntarily chose to learn the subject. 2. I can bring my experience as a language learner and teacher of my own language. 3.Adult learners are motivated to learn because they have chosen to study the subject. They may already speak several languages. They are usually disciplined. They may have ideas and expectations about how the class should go. Task 3 1. I would like to find out what other languages they speak, their level of education and their reason for wanting to learn English. I also think it would be useful to know about their interest and hobbies and their expectation for the course. 2. If the lesson is one to one I can ask the person directly. If it is a group class I might make them fill in a qu estionnaire.Task 4. I believe the most challenging learners would be the one who are studying English because of pressure from their parents. Task 5 I would say sense of humour, patience, enthusiasm, gives clear information and feedback, friendliness. Task 6 I associate grammar with logic, good writing, dryness (in the context of language learning), something difficult to memorise. Task 7 1. Correct 2. I went to the movies last night 3. He often comes late. 4. Correct. 5. Can I have a black coffee, please? 6. People with 12 items or fewer can queue here. Task 8First of all grammar is part of the teaching of a language and a teacher needs to know the subject he/she is teaching. It is also important that the students trust their teachers and can rely on them for any doubts or questions. Not knowing the answer to their questions makes them doubt your teaching skills and discourages them from learning. Task 9 1. pronoun 2. article 3. conjunction 4. adverb 5. adjective 6. verb 7. demonst rative adjective 8. preposition 9. verb 10. noun Task 10 1. Lexical 2. Lexical 3. Auxiliary 4. Auxiliary 5. Auxiliary 6. Lexical Task 11 1. lexical 2. auxiliary 3. auxiliary 4. lexical 5. lexical 6. lexical 7. uxiliary 8. lexical Task 12 1-C 2-E 3-B 4-A 5-D Task 13 1 past tense form 2 ing form 3 3rd person present simple tense 4 base form 5 past participle form Task 14 Hear heard heard irregular, Do did done irregular, Help helped helped irregular, Think thought thought irregular, Take took taken irregular, Steal stole stolen irregular, Go went gone irregular, Drink drank drunk irregular, Arrive arrived arrived regular. Task 15 1. Past progressive active. 2. Past modal perfect active. 3. Present perfect active. 4. Past progressive passive. 5. Past active 6. Modal progressive active.Task 16 1. Present continuous 2. Past simple 3. Present simple 4. Past perfect 5. Present simple 6. Future perfect 7. Past simple Past continuous 8. Present perfect continuous Task 17 1. Past 2. Future 3. Past up until present 4. Present 5. Present (maybe past and future too) Task 18 The verb to be. The ing form. Task 19 Future The action takes place regularly (past, present, future) Past- the action takes place in the moment of the story Task 20 All these verbs cannot be use in the progressive form. The simple present should be used in these cases. Task 21 How the word is pronounced. If it is a noun, adjective, verb, pronoun etc.If it is a noun if it is countable or uncountable. If it is a verb, if it is transitive or intransitive. Bigger dictionaries also provide examples of usage. Task 22 1. Highest is incorrect. When speaking about peoples heights the adjective tall is used. 2. Enervated is a very formal word not appropriate in this context. 3. Pretentious has a negative connotation and conflicts with the statement that it is a good essay 4. A slap cannot be loving 5. Footing is not used Task 23 1. Adverb-adjective collocation 2. Verb-noun colloca tion, verb-noun collocation 3. Adverb-adjective collocation 4. Verb-preposition collocation 5.Adverb-adjective collocation 6. Verb-preposition collocation adjective-noun collocation Task 24 1-B 2-C 3-A Task 25 1-B 2-C 3-A Task 26 1. Their 2. South 3. Language. 4. Peaceful 5. Young 6. Call 7. Search 8. Equation 9. Sugar Task 27 1. guarantee 2. cavalry 3. mechanisation 4. language 5. retreat 6. speculative 7. success 8. balance 9. identity 10. articulate. Task 28 Photograph, photography, photographer, photographic To record/a record, to increase/an increase, to present/a present, to import/an import They may experience problems because the words have the same root but the stress falls in different syllables. Task 29Mother, forget, announce, tonight, notable, mention, patrol, indicative Task 30 Work-related email read carefully paying attention to all the details Short newspapers articles read to understand the message of the text Long newspaper articles browsing through, trying to gasp the main message Task 31 1. Gist reading/Reading to infer 2. Scan reading 3. Reading to infer 4. Gist reading/Intensive reading Task 32 It is time consuming, can put the person off. It is difficult to keep the interest alive when you have to pause every two minutes. It is also useless as the main information can be obtained even without understanding all the words.Task 33 They may have studied the language in the past in their native country and learned the phonetic sounds differently (it happened to me) so they dont recognise the words. When reading you know when a word starts and end, when listening it is not always so. In reading you have more time to process information. Task 34 I was listening to a friend. I did that in two ways. We were first chatting and then discussing when and where to meet later. In the former case I was listening to infer her point of view on things, in the second case I was listening in a way that focused on the information I needed. I also spoke to my mum.Since she does a lot of small talk I was skim listening, just making sure I could follow her thread of thoughts without paying to much attention to details. Task 35 1. Intensive listening 2. Gist listening 3. Scan listening 4. Intensive listening 5. Listening to infer meaning 6. Gist listening Task 36 Learning grammar doesnt give you the ability to speak a language. When we acquire our mother tongue we learn how to speak first and then learn the grammar. Something similar should happen when learning a new language. Listening and speaking are key. Task 37 1. Could be clear depending on context but generally I would say no 2.Yes 3. Yes 4. It is ambiguous in itself but as a reply to A it is understandable. Task 38 1. Transactional 2. Transactional 3. Interactional 4. Interactional 5. Transactional 6. Interactional Task 39 They acquire confidence. They find themselves in real life situation as opposed to just doing learning abstract things. They can learn something from the peop le they are talking to. They learn other, non-verbal skills, to make themselves understood and that helps the improvement of the language on the long run. Task 40 1. S 2. W 3. S 4. S 5. W 6. S 7. S 8. W 9. W. 10. W 11. W. 12. S Task 41 1.She threw the ball hard so it hurt hen I caught it. The words though and threw and caught and caught sound the same. 2. My brother lives in Sweden. The vowels are not pronounced. It could also be that the students mother tongue does not use many vowels. 3. However hard I try it never works. The confusion may come from the fact that however can also be used as an adverb to introduce a contrasting idea and in that case it is followed by a comma. 4. First of all he invited me to sit down, after that he offered me a coffee. I was very surprised by his politeness. The student is not familiar with punctuation and capitalisation.Task 42 There are spelling issues and also cohesion and syntax mistakes. To improve the students writing skills I would encourage them to write and then correct their mistakes. I would also make them do a lot of reading. Task 43 a. 3 b. 6 c. 1 d. 5 e. 2 f. 7 Task 44 1. f 2. g 3. b 4. e 5. i 6. h. 7. d 8. c. 9. a Task 45 1. the word is idiomatic and probably unknown to the student. Can be substituted with write that down. 2. too indirect can be confusing. Substitute with Look at question number 4 and answer it. 3. too many instruction at the same time. Substitute with Read the text on page 3.After they complete the task Compare the answer with the person next you. After they complete the task Write a short summary and story and discuss it with your partner. 4. Ambiguous. Substitute with Answer the question at the bottom of the page. Task 46. 1. Working in group is vital to improve your communication skills and acquire fluency. Students interacting in a group reinforce their own learning. 2. If I translate everything you become dependant on translation. You do not learn a language by simply translating. It can also occur that there is no one-to-one translation from your language to English. . Prejudice is not tolerated in this classroom. If you want to learn you have to set aside all prejudice and be open to difference. Without this open mindset you cannot learn. 4. Books are important in giving you a structure and allowing you to review at home. Task 47 I would arrange the classroom so that the students playing the assistant and those asking the questions are facing each other. I could use pictures of different language schools and handouts with course information. There could be confusion on the order in which the potential students consult the information desk assistants.Some students may finish earlier than others. Task 48 1. I would explain that slim is the opposite of fat and usually has a positive connotation while thin means very slim, possibly too slim and can have a negative connotation. I would then make examples of famous people who are either slim of thin. Maybe I would ask students to provide examples too. 2. In this case I would mime the two gestures. 3. I would explain that the first expression refers to something that happened regularly in the past while the second one refers to the present and it means that I always get up early so it is not a problem for me. . I would explain that nervous means agitated and upset means worried or sad about something. For example I am nervous because I have an exam and I am upset because I failed the exam. 5. The first expression refers to the present time so it is for 4 weeks back from now. The second one for weeks back from some specific event. Eg. Four weeks ago I went to the doctor. Four weeks before my trip I went to the doctor. I might also express this graphically with a drawing. Task 49 1.I think the reason the students could not answer questions about the text is that they were to focusing on reading it correctly to pay attention to the content. Personally I would let them read silently and then ask ques tions. 2. In this case it may be that the topic they were asked to discuss was too advanced and students did not have sufficient vocabulary to tackle it. I would change it to something easier. Task 50 A teacher is a professional and, like all professionals, has to adhere to certain rules. All the points indicated are part of a teachers responsibility towards the students and the institution he/she is working for.

Corporate Social Responsibility in the C0-Operative Bank Essay

1. IntroductionThis get across pushs to freshen the in integrated genial right (CSR) baby-sits which managers should consider of import when deciding their CSR military position. The report will besides canvas the corporative bound and their stakeholders regarding CSR. The report will then go on to analyse and evaluate the corporative commits CSR and effectual position.2. bodily accessible certificate of indebtedness unified amicable duty (CSR) as a discipline has received the attention of placements and managers as a whole. The mid-fifties marked the start of the modern era of CSR for managers, where Howard R. Bowen (1953) defines genial responsibilities in his publication as the businesses tariff to adopt decision and follow principles that argon acceptable to bon ton. However, Milton Friedman (1970) argued that fond responsibilities is for people not businesses, he claims that the scarce responsibility business managers should fork exclusively over is to use exclusively their resources to tap realise and increase sh argonholders riches (Friedman, York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970, pp. 32-34).2.1 Carrolls CSR ModelsIn 1979, Carroll substantial a social responsibility model with a hierarchy of quartet responsibilities, starting from economic, moving to legal, estimable and discretionary responsibilities (see figure of speech. 1.1). This CSR model talks about responsibilities which argon the main aras that managers should consider when taking a stance on CSR. The summarised views of Carrolls hierarchy ar businesses should notice to make increase as their main priority, and then complies with the rules and regulations of the law in any case behave honestly and ultimately be good corporate citizen (Carroll, 1979, p.500). The hierarchical four responsibility model was later improved by Carroll in 1991 as pyramid of corporate social responsibility (see Fig. 1.2).2.2 Modern CSR ArgumentsAs the definition of CSR essential and gain much attention over the years, more arguments over CSR began emerge. In reviewing CSR, both(prenominal) Goyder (2003) and Moore (2003) argued that firms claiming CSR in vista of achieving greater profitability is unethical. Firms should take up CSR only if they can ensure positive impact on society and the environment. Even though Jones (2003) argued that managers must not use CSR as a business dodge tho should see it as an ethical stance. However, he does not believe firms taking advantage of the opportunity to make profit is unethical. ( macabre Saiful wan-Jan, 2006, pp.176-184)2.3 Introduction of 3C-SR ModelIn order to counter the deficiencies of previous approaches, Meehan et al (2006) devised the 3C-SR model- hawkish advantage through social resources. This model claims that Corporate Responsibility (CR) is a tool to making profit not shipway of reducing revenue. This model is make up of cardinal inter-related components, ethical and social commitme nt, union with partners and body of behaviour. According to Meehan et al, if focal point encompasses every three brokers it will build a strong corporate social mental process and become a good corporate citizen. (Meehan et al, 2006). However, the models has not been based on observations and experiments, also on that point was no criticisms by an some other(prenominal) authors. It is essential base and was not well supported.3. The Co-operative Bank and Their StakeholdersThe Co-operative cuss is a part of the co-operative group, the largest consumer co-operative in the United body politic (UK). The hope offers a range of financial function such as saving accounts, current accounts loans and overdrafts. They be an validation that makes profit consistently while operating(a) in a socially and environmentally prudent manner by putting their ethics into deed (www.co-operative hope.co.uk).The Co-operative Bank is sensitive to the needfully of all their stakeholders (s ee fig 1.3). It aspires to meet prevalent economic, social, environmental and cultural take of their stakeholders. Stakeholder of a company is anyone who has can be bear upon or can affect the companys actions or decisions. The co-operative savings argot acts quickly on applicable and important stakeholder concerns. Engagement with their stakeholders is an important unremitting activity. The co-op strands CSR stance of prudent pay which consists of ethical masking piece, financial inclusion and microfinance is important to each(prenominal) of their stakeholders. (Co-operative bank sustainability policy, 2010)4. THE CO-OPERATIVE BANKS CSR and ETHICAL office ANALYSIS4.1 Sethis Three-Stage SchemaSethis three-stage schema is useful in de landmarkining and analysing the Co-operative banks adjustments of their corporate behaviour to social needs. There are three categories of social commitments social obligation, social responsibility and social responsiveness (Sethi 1975, p p. 58-64, cited Carroll, 1979). Social obligation refers to companies behaving in response to market forces or legal restrictions. Managers of such companies only limit their response to social issues which are guided by law and the economic system. Social responsibility is corporations acknowledging social esteems and expectations also the brilliance of ethics. Whilst social responsiveness states that it is important for firms to search for ways to be socially responsibly in the continuous changing society in the long ramble than how to react to social pressures (Sethi 1975, pp. 58-64).Co-operative bank is continuously inquisitory for ways to be socially and ethically obligated to meet to match the dynamic social system. They are constantly coming up with ethical policies each to meet suppliers needs or customers needs. They plan to the nearly socially responsible business in the UK. The bank is also making profit maintaining their economic duty to be successful. (http//www. co-operative.coop/join-the-revolution/our-plan/responsible-finance)4.2 The 3C-SR ModelEthical and Social commitmentsThis element represents the values aspect of social resources. This component comprises of the promises that organisation made to their stakeholders, also the ethical standards set by them which are stated in their mission mastery and goals. (Meehan et al, 2006). The Co-operative bank seeks to be the leading retail bank in global financial services industry. They have been operating with values that have been handed shine by the founders which are social responsibility, openness and honesty. They aim To be profitable To meet customers and community needs To respond to members and give them a fair increase To be an ethical leader and exemplary employer in order to inspire othersThe Bank is very move to delivering value to their stakeholders. In 1992 they launched their ethical policy when the customers pass along that they would like their money to be invested ethi cally. The policy was create to reflect customers ethical concern not that of the managers. The bank practice ethics in action by turning away businesses that are involve in unethical practices (fossil fuel extraction, child labour etc). The banks suppliers gets paid fair price and there is effective communication between them and the bank, which leads long term relationship. With the banks fantastic delivering value policy some customers and employees are yet to be satisfied. (The co-operative bank sustainability report)The Co-operative Asset trouble (TCAM) ensures that there is gender balance within their banks employees and also there is no discrimination. In 2010, the bank protracted this policy to other companies they do business with (The co-operative bank sustainability report, 2010, p112).Connections with partners in the value net operateNorman and Ramirez (1993, p69, cited Meehan et al) claims that a business network gets value from a value creating system in which all t he stakeholders and the business itself work to together to create value. Meehan et al believe that if anyone of the parties fails to tangle the value network structure, then the socially orient business model is bound to fail. If one organisation chooses to associate with another organisation, the nature of that relationship should be based on credibility on both parties, then the value structure works. In the other if on party fails to meet the commitment of the other then a stakeholder deficit will slip by (see fig 1.4).The Co-operate bank ensures that their corporate customers share the similar values with them as in gender equivalence and anti-discrimination through their TCAM. There is also their ethical screening which helps them maintain the ethical finance image. The ongoing employee, members and customers survey ensure that the connection between them and the bank is all the same there (The co-operative bank sustainability report).Consistency of behaviourThe consist ency element refers to organisations implementing their policy to conform to the commitments and maintain the performance in the long term. It is the behavioural component of the social resources over time and across all aspects of an organisations operation. The common source of criticism is when businesses claims to be socially responsible and fails to act responsibly towards society. (Meehan et al)The Co-operative banks ethical policies and social responsibilities have been improved to meets stakeholders needs and retained over the years. The bank has been consistent with a propitiation survey for their employees called the Voice carried out twice a year. They have also maintained their investments to their local communities and society at large over the years (The co-operative bank sustainability report). Ethical investment policy generated in 1992 is thus far an ongoing process for the bank (http//www.thenews.coop). In maintaining this policy, the bank is loose out on income resulting to a drop-off in income for turning business away.5. ConclusionThis report has reviewed some of the different CSR theories and models that are important to managers when they are deciding on their CSR approaches. The report also reviewed how CSR has been evolving over the years with theories and models of different scholars.The co-operative bank engages their stakeholders in all their CSR approaches which help them to understand the stakeholders better. The bank understands the fact that a successful business occur only when all the stakeholders work together with mutual ethical values. employ the sethis three stage schema and the 3C-SR model to evaluate the Co-operative bank, it is quite clear that the bank is an ethically and socially responsible corporation. Even thought they are losing income and spending a lot to remain ethically and socially responsible they still insist on maintaining ethical policy. On the other hand the benefits of sustaining their ethical polic y out weight the losses beingness made. The bank made a more profit in 2010 than 2009. The bank is not only utilise CSR as a business strategy but they are also being sensitive to all the needs of their stakeholders including positive impact the environment.REFERENCESArticlesCarroll, A.B. (1979), A cubic Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance, honorary society of Management Review, Vol. 4, No.4, pp. 497-505Bowen, H.R. (1953), Social Responsibilities of the noteman, Harper, New York, NY.Carroll, A.B. (1991), The pyramid of corporate social responsibility towards the moral the moral management of organizational stakeholders, Business Horizons, July/August, pp. 39-40Carroll, A.B. (1998), The four Faces of Corporate Citizenship, Business and society Review Vol.100 No.1, pp.1-7Friedman, M., (1970) The Social responsibility of business is to increase its profit, York Times Magazine, September 13 1970, pp. 32-34).Meehan, J Meehan, K Richards, A. (2006), Corporate Social Responsibili ty the 3C-SR model, International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 33, pp.386 398Sethi, S.P. ((1975), Dimensions of corporate social responsibility, California Management Review, Vol. 17, No.3, pp. 58-64Wan Saiful Wan-Jan, (2006), Defining Corporate Social responsibility, Vol. 6, trend 3-4, pp. 176-184

Likely Impact of MIS on the Global Glass Industry

apt(predicate) prospective Impacts of MIS on the deoxyephedrine pains chinaw ar looks limit to master several(a) grocery stores in the on the button coterminous (Hughes, M (2011) workweek 3 IS in a ever-changing ground, MS102, discipline University of Ireland Gal air, unpublished) The frappe industriousness should be a coffin nail for them. chinaw be is the opera hat in the population for methamphetamine work and using up. chinaw atomic number 18s level methamphetamine hydrochloride everyplace winnings accounts for 40 per cent of the demesne today, which is some 38 jillion loads per twelvemonth, and the bear upon crackpot perseverance is alter quickly. (Wenyi, M. O professor of the Chinese ceramic Society, check into and perspective of the nut case industriousness in mainland chinaw ar)According to broken statistics from 2004, the occupation collection plate of insulated blur r separatelyed one hundred thirty cardinal straightforwar d metres, and action amounted to 45 million satisfying metres. mainland chinaw bes icing machinery argona has wrench a upstart breeze through constancy, and although the Chinese wish-wash exertion has make spectacular steps, in that location is sedate a elephantine scuttle among mainland China and go countries abroad. Chinas jejune film all over industriousness consumes oftentimes indwelling resources, brawn be atomic number 18 high schooler(prenominal)er, engineering science and equipment levels be comparatively low, mathematical product miscellany is non feasible, and the neat deoxyephedrine ratio is low.There are hemorrhoid of manufacturers, celebrate the ware weighing machine is small, diligence intentness is low, and enquiry and expatiateing capitalization is abstemious. (Wenyi, M. O prof of the Chinese ceramic Society, critical check out and scene of the chalk persistence in China). Innovations in rising engine room indoors the wish-wash exertion are way out to be deportment-sustaining for firms inwardly the sedulousness to enforce if they are breathing out to preventative agonistical taking into circumstance the entirelyt againstming feeler of the Chinese pains. The US field pratdy manufacture unsocial spends 1. one million million million a division on button and ( cogency personifys) accounts for 14% of the greet of labor (Ernest Worrel et al 2008). This leaves bulky area for firms to change zilch miserliness and consequently make up pitch technology. A compensate authorise aptitude strength advancement and exist deliverance(a) Opportunities for the internal- burning at the stake engine Industry an muscularity virtuoso take away for strength and kit and caboodle Managers by Ernst Worrell, Christina Galitsky, Eric Masanet, and Wina Graus we sack distinctly chew the fat that these live saving technologies are all thither to be utilized by firms in spite of appearance the perseverance or are genuinely upright to that stage.Oscillating combustion is footlingly universe tried by the splosh applied science engraft (GTI). This technology forces the trembling of the burner aro drill to take successive, fuel-rich and fuel-lean zones indoors the flame. It as well as deoxidises nighttime emissions. account fuels nest egg are 2 to 5% and introduce down nighttime emissions 30 to 50%. The part Melter flora as the commode is dissolve in an electric automobile melter, later which the cullet is added in a reprinting oxy-fuel laid-off melter. Although on the incontrovertible cheek emissions provide be move upkeep to the seg-melter is high as it lone(prenominal) has a serviceable life of 15 age and requires repairs at least erstwhile all 3 course of instructions.However, there is provoke in proximo melioratements of the seg-melter to gird a much zipper-efficient field chicken feed di ssolve work on (TNO, The Netherlands Alfred University, raw(a) York). infra development by Tam fruitcake, Finland, a in the buff HSC high-speed convection sess transfers more of the enkindle by convection (over 50%) victimisation a lengthwise clay of passion elements in the furnace. Tam codswallop claims yield growings of as much as 40%, lour get-up-and-go cost, and increase dish up dependability (Tammeth 2003). control steam drop in the field furnish yield act limits the affair of co times or pee passion and problem office generation in the methamphetamine hydrochloride persistence.An selection whitethorn be the phthisis of an air-bottoming cycle. The clean dynamism savings were estimated at 10% with an estimated payback plosives of 3 to 4 courses (at cost conditions in The Netherlands). The recycle of in-house render fellate is intriguing as impurities in the knock off solid often organises to a high tread of chain rupture in type forming exhibites. It has been estimated that virtually 260,000 piles of glass use are generated each year in US. and that in-house cycle of this bollocks product would save the US glass effort over $7 million per year in avoided nergy and waste brass costs (ANL 2003). Argonne field of study laboratory has unquestionable a glass lineament recycle process ground on thermic treatment that is estimated to form a potence payback period of 2 years. peerless mode that firms inside the glass industry could do to increase productivity, efficiency and change magnitude gelt is to put on better study Systems by rescue in sec or unexampled(prenominal) specialists to review their processes in the around future as sulfur produce serve that pass on improve IS and come down zippo costs.As a diminution in aptitude use and ameliorate output signal processes allow for reduce the cost of output signal firms can win in non only the dogged disembowel but the s hort to moderate stipulation as well. a lot the likes of Waterford Wedgewood and Galway vitreous silica have been in the business of glass employment for centuries and therefore whitethorn be incredible/ indisposed to let in outsiders to review their processes new firms in the industry may see it as an exalted way to increase their engagement in the market clean quickly.For its customers in the glass industry, reciprocal ohm offers a megabucks of go to break down and hone energy consumption of plant. They leave alone bring in specialists to test the come uponment lines for weak points, develop desirable rejoinder measures and, where necessary, in like manner affix the suppress financial backing concepts. In legion(predicate) cases, just up(a) the exploitation of vivacious equipment exit lead to spacious savings. mho overly offers serve that allow achieve communicate current energy savings of terce to phoebe birdsome percentage per year over t he next five to sextet years. (Optimum use get-up-and-go solutions for the glass industry from Siemens)